Savva Timofeyevich Morozov is the Russian businessman and the patron of art.
He was born on the 3rd (15) of February, 1862, in Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
Savva finished the 4th grammar school. He studied natural sciences, political economy and philosophy in the Moscow University. After it he left to England, to study chemistry in Cambridge and simultaneously to get acquainted with the organization of textile business on English factories.
In 1887, after the Morozovsky strike and the illness of his father, Timothy Savvovich, had come back to Russia and to accept the case management.
He bought the newest equipment from England; the penalties were cancelled on the factory, the quotations were changed, the new barracks were built. The Nikolsky manufactory took the third place in Russia on the profitability. The products by Morozov replaced the English cloth even in Persia and China. In the end of the 1890th, there were engaged 13,5 thousand workers on the factories, annually there manufactured about 440 thousand poods of a yarn, almost two million meters of cloth.
Savva Morozov headed the committee of the Nizhniy Novgorod fair; he was the member of the Moscow branch of the Council of trade and manufactures and the Societies for the assistance of the improvement and development of the manufactory industry.
Savva fell in love with the wife of his cousin nephew, Sergey Vikulovich Morozov — Zynaida. Divorce was approved neither by secular, nor by the church power in Russia. Savva went on the monstrous scandal and the family shame — wedding. Zynaida adored luxury and reveled by secular success. Her husband indulged all her whims. But the passion soon outgrew to indifference. They lived in one house, but practically did not communicate with each other. Their four children did not rescue this marriage Savva was extremely unpretentious to himself, even avaricious — he wore out-of-date shoes at home. Conducting the strict account to each ruble, Savva did not stint to thousand expenses for the sake of good, to his mind, affair. He gave money for the edition of books, endowed to the Red cross, allocated money for the building of shelters and hospitals.
He was the Honorary member of the Society of the grant to the requiring students of the Moscow university.
Savva Timofeevich was very interest and passionate person. He was the rampant admirer of theatre. In 1898 Savva entered the part of the Association for the establishment in Moscow Popular theatre, he regularly brought donations for the building and development of Moscow Art Theatre.
Morozov not only generously endowed money, he formulated the main principles of the activity of theatre: to keep the status popular, not to rise in the price for tickets and to play the plays having public interest.
Becoming the habitue of the Art theatre, Morozov became the admirer of the actress of Moscow Art Theatre Maria Fedorovna Andreeva — she had the glory of the most beautiful actress of Russian scene.
Savva financed the edition of the social newspaper “Iskra”, the first Bolshevik legal newspapers “New life” and “Struggle” were published by his money. Morozov illegally took on his factory the forbidden literature and typographical fonts; in 1905 he hid from police of one of leaders of Bolsheviks D.C. Bauman.
The tragedy started because of the actress Andreeva, to whom the supporting roles were given. Morozov refused his directorship. He started new theatre together with his close friend Maxim Gorky and Maria Fedorovna. But Andreeva and Gorky fell in love with each other. This finding was the hardest shock for Savva. Even after Andreeva and Gorky began to live together, Morozov quiveringly cared of Maria Fedorovna. He bequeathed to her his insurance policy on the case of his death.
After the destruction of Morozov Andreeva got 100 thousand rubles under the insurance.
Savva run into severe depression began to avoid people, spent a lot of time spent in full solitude.
Doctors recommended to direct the “patient” abroad for treatment.
In the spring, 1905 he left to Cannes for treatment.
On the 13th (26) of May, Savva was found in the hotel room dead, with the raked breast.
There is no the single version about, whether there was the suicide, or murder till nowadays. He was buried on the Rogozhsky cemetery.
Savva has left the memory about himself as the generous philanthropist, helping both to separate persons, and to various organizations.
His help to the national culture was also great.
He supported the Moscow art theatre in the dif- ficult period of its formation and development.
